On Chinese social media platforms like Weibo, Xiaohongshu, and Bilibili, a peculiar term has gained widespread popularity: “rat people” (shu ren in Mandarin). While it may sound odd or even comical, this self-given label by China’s Gen Z reflects something much deeper—a growing dissatisfaction with urban life, economic struggle, and a collapsing dream of upward mobility.
Young adults across China are using the term to describe their harsh daily reality: low pay, long hours, tiny living spaces, and a lifestyle that feels more about survival than living.
What Does “Rat People” Really Mean?
Far from being a joke, the term “rat people” refers to young urban dwellers who live in cramped, often windowless apartments—sometimes even basements—because they cannot afford proper housing in major cities. They work demanding jobs during the day and return to their “rat nests” at night, repeating the cycle without much hope of progress.
The metaphor draws from the image of rats living underground: unseen, undervalued, and constantly hustling just to survive. This lifestyle sharply contrasts with the official narrative of a prosperous and growing middle class in modern China.
A Generation Under Pressure
The rise of “rat people” is closely tied to China’s increasing youth unemployment, stagnant wages, and soaring housing prices. Despite higher education levels than previous generations, many Gen Z workers are stuck in low-paying, unstable jobs—particularly in the gig economy.
For instance, even in cities like Beijing or Shanghai, young professionals struggle to rent decent apartments near their workplace.
This economic reality leaves many feeling disillusioned. The dream of owning a home, building a family, or climbing the social ladder now feels nearly impossible.
Social Media as a Mirror and Megaphone
Interestingly, social media hasn’t just amplified this trend—it has shaped it. Young people create videos and memes showing their “rat life” routines: heating noodles over a candle, dressing in layers to avoid turning on the heat, or doing side gigs late into the night.
While humorous on the surface, these posts serve as subtle protests. They give voice to a generation that feels ignored by policy and crushed by expectations. Rather than openly confront authority, they use irony and creativity to express their pain—and connect with others who feel the same.
Conclusion: “Rat People” Is a Symptom of a Deeper Crisis
At first glance, “rat people” might seem like a fleeting internet trend. In reality, it exposes the mental, financial, and emotional burden carried by China’s younger generation.
As the term continues to trend, it signals a growing gap between economic policy and lived reality. It’s a wake-up call, not just for China, but for any society facing rising inequality and youth frustration.